Descripción del bienestar social y prevalencia del consumo de alcohol en jóvenes de Ciudad del Carmen, México / Description of social welfare and prevalence of alcohol consumption in young people in Ciudad del Carmen, México

Introducción: la juventud ha sido considerada una etapa de mayor riesgo ante conductas saludables o no saludables, asimismo una etapa de menor control parental y un incremento en las actividades sociales que configura el estilo de vida de esta población. Objetivo: analizar la relación del bienestar social y el consumo de alcohol en jóvenes Método: investigación cuantitativa de tipo correlacional realizada en 279 jóvenes de Ciudad del Carmen Campeche, se utilizó un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, como instrumentos de medición se utilizó una cédula de datos personales y de consumo de alcohol y la escala de Bienestar Social de Keyes. Resultados: la prevalencia global (U= 5483.50, p=.026) y en el último año (U= 8432.00, p=.038) muestra diferencias significativas, siendo mayor las puntuaciones en los jóvenes que no han consumido alcohol. Se identificó una relación negativa y significativa del bienestar social y el número de bebidas alcohólicas consumidas (rs=-727, p=.001). Conclusión: los resultados permitieron comprender el grado de bienestar social de los jóvenes, siendo un elemento crucial para su crecimiento y desarrollo para la vida adulta, además se constató la magnitud del consumo de alcohol en esta población, el cual representa un problema de salud pública. (AU)

Introduction: youth has been considered a stage of greater risk for healthy or unhealthy behaviors had a stage of less parental control and an increase in social activities that make up the lifestyle of this population. Objective: to analyze the relationship between social well-being and alcohol consumption in young people Method: correlational-type quantitative research carried out on 279 young people from Ciudad del Carmen Campeche, a non-probabilistic sample was obtained for convenience, as measurement instruments a certificate of personal and alcohol consumption data and the Keyes Social Welfare scale. Results: the global prevalence (U= 5483.50, p=.026) and in the last year (U= 8432.00, p=.038) show significant differences, the proportions being higher in young people who have not consumed alcohol. A negative and significant relationship was identified between social well-being and the number of alcoholic beverages consumed (rs=-727, p=.001). Conclusion: the results allowed us to understand the degree of social well-being of young people, being a crucial element for their growth and development for adult life, in addition, the magnitude of alcohol consumption in this population was verified, which represents a public health problem. (AU)

Incertidumbre sexual en adolescentes de una escuela preparatoria pública en el sureste de México / Adolescents' sexual uncertainty attending a public senior high school in southeastern Mexico / Incerteza sexual em adolescentes de uma escola pública do sudeste do México / Incertitude sexuelle chez des adolescents d'un lycée public du sud-est du Mexique

Resumen Objetivo: Identificar la presencia de incertidumbre sexual en estudiantes de una escuela preparatoria del sureste de México. Material y Métodos: Es un estudio descriptivo y transversal, la población de interés estuvo conformada por 190 adolescentes de 15 a 18 años de una escuela preparatoria en Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche. Se aplicó una cédula de datos sociodemográficos, preguntas sobre conducta de riesgo sexual y si han recibido información sobre sexualidad, Infecciones de transmisión sexual y sobre el virus de Inmunodeficiencia Humana y el Síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida, se aplicó la Escala de Incertidumbre sexual. Resultados: La mayor parte de los estudiantes, han recibido información sobre sexualidad; poco más de la mitad de los estudiantes ha recibido información sobre infecciones de transmisión sexual y sobre el virus de Inmunodeficiencia Humana y el Síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida. En prevención de conductas de riesgo, cerca del 4% de los alumnos se han realizado la prueba rápida para detectar el virus de Inmunodeficiencia Humana. Respecto a la práctica de relaciones sexuales; el 31.1% respondieron que han tenido relaciones sexuales. El resultado de la diferencia de medias en incertidumbre sexual fue más elevado en los hombres (X ̅= 17.72, DE = 6.03). En relación a la conducta sexual de riesgo los hombres mostraron una diferencia significativa en comparación con la mujer con un promedio de (X ̅= 19,25, DE = 21,94). Conclusiones: Se determina que la incertidumbre sexual es un factor que ejerce influencia en la conducta de una persona y la condiciona a tomar o no medidas protectoras para su salud, como es el de evitar las conductas sexuales de riesgo, los adolescentes que tienen menos incertidumbre sexual son quienes tienen menos probabilidad de incidir en este tipo de conductas.

Abstract Objective: to identify the presence of students' sexual uncertainty attending a senior high school in southeastern Mexico. Material and Methods: a descriptive and cross-sectional study whose target population consisted of 190 adolescents aged 15 to 18 years, attending a senior high school in Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche. We applied a sociodemographic data with questions about sexual risk behavior and whether they have received information about sexuality, sexually transmitted infections, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. The Sexual Uncertainty Scale was applied. Results: most of the students have received information about sexuality; just over half of the students have information about sexually transmitted infections, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. In prevention of risk behavior, about 4% of the students have taken the rapid test for detection of human immunodeficiency virus. Regarding the sexual activity, 31.1% responded that they have had sexual intercourse. The result of the difference of the overage in sexual uncertainty was higher in men (X ̅= 17.72, SD = 6.03). In relation to risky sexual behavior, men showed a significant difference compared to women with an average of (X ̅ = 19,25, SD = 21,94). Conclusions: it is determined that sexual uncertainty is a factor that influences a person's behavior and determines whether to take health protective measures, such as avoiding risky sexual behavior. Adolescents, whose sexual uncertainty is less, are less likely to engage in this type of behavior.

Resumo Objetivo: Identificar a presença de incerteza sexual em estudantes de uma escola preparatória no sudeste do México. Material e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e transversal, cuja população de interesse foi composta por 190 adolescentes de 15 a 18 anos de idade de uma escola preparatória em Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche. Um cartão de dados sociodemográficos, perguntas sobre comportamento sexual de risco e se eles receberam informações sobre sexualidade, infecções sexualmente transmissíveis e sobre o vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana e a Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida foram aplicados, a Escala de Incerteza Sexual foi aplicada. Resultados: a maioria dos estudantes recebeu informações sobre sexualidade; pouco mais da metade dos estudantes recebeu informações sobre infecções sexualmente transmissíveis e sobre o vírus da imunodeficiência humana e a síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida. Na prevenção de comportamentos de risco, cerca de 4% dos estudantes fizeram o teste rápido para detectar o vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana. Quanto à prática de relações sexuais; 31,1% responderam que tiveram relações sexuais. O resultado da diferença de médias na incerteza sexual foi maior nos homens (X ̅ = 17,72, DP = 6,03). Em relação ao comportamento sexual de risco, os homens apresentaram uma diferença significativa em comparação às mulheres com uma média de (X ̅ = 19,25, DP = 21,94). Conclusões: determina-se que a incerteza sexual é um fator que influencia o comportamento de uma pessoa e determina se deve ou não tomar medidas protetoras para sua saúde, como evitar comportamentos sexuais de risco, adolescentes que têm menos incerteza sexual são aqueles com menor probabilidade de influenciar esse tipo de comportamento.

Résumé Objectif : identifier la présence d'incertitude sexuelle chez les élèves d'un lycée dans le sud-est du Mexique. Matériel et méthodes : L'étude est descriptive et transversale. L'échantillon a été conformé par 190 adolescents de 15 à 18 ans, élèves d'un lycée de Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche. Une fiche de données sociodémographiques a été utilisée, ainsi qu'un questionnaire sur les comportements sexuels à risque et sur la réception d'informations sur la sexualité, les infections sexuellement transmissibles, et en particulier sur le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine et le syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise. De plus, l'Échelle d'Incertitude Sexuelle a été appliquée. Résultats : La plupart des élèves ont reçu des informations sur la sexualité ; un peu plus de la moitié des élèves ont reçu des informations sur les infections sexuellement transmissibles et en particulier sur le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine et le syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise. En matière de prévention de comportements à risque, environ 4 % des élèves ont passé le test rapide de dépistage du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine. 31,1% ont répondu qu'ils avaient eu des relations sexuelles. La moyenne d'incertitude sexuelle était plus élevée chez les hommes (X ̅= 17,72, DE = 6,03). En ce qui concerne le comportement sexuel à risque, les hommes ont montré une différence significative par rapport aux femmes avec une moyenne de (X ̅= 19,25, DE = 21,94). Conclusions : Il s'avère que l'incertitude sexuelle est un facteur qui influence le comportement d'une personne et l'amène à prendre ou non des mesures de protection pour sa santé, comme par exemple éviter les comportements sexuels à risque. Les adolescents qui ont moins d'incertitude sexuelle sont ceux qui sont le moins susceptibles d'adopter ce type de comportement.

The effect of an Internet-based intervention designed to reduce HIV/AIDS sexual risk among Mexican adolescents.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of an Internet-based intervention to reduce sexual risk behaviors and increase resilience to sexual risk behaviors among Mexican adolescents, a key HIV/AIDS risk group. METHODOLOGY: The study had a quasi-experimental design with single-stage cluster sampling. Participants ages 14-17 were stratified by gender and randomly assigned to either receive intervention "Connect" (which included face-to-face and Internet-based sessions designed to reduce sexual risk behaviors and increase resilience to sexual risk) or control (a general educational video on reducing health risks). A total of 9 survey instruments were administered online through SurveyMonkey pre- and post-intervention to assess changes in sexual risk and protective factors as well as two outcomes of interest: risky sexual behaviors and resilience. Pearson correlation assessed instrument reliability while multivariable linear regression models assessed two study hypotheses: (1) the effect of the intervention on sexual behavior and resilience is mediated by adolescent age, gender, and sexual experience and (2) risk and protective factors are mediators between the intervention and sexual behavior. RESULTS: The sample was composed of 193 adolescents between 14 and 17 years old (n = 96 in the control group and n = 97 in the experimental group). Survey instruments were reliable. Age was associated with pre-to-post test changes in sexual resilience (ß = -6.10, p = .019), which partially mediated the effect of the intervention on sexual resilience (ß = 5.70, p = .034). Social support was associated with pre-to-post test changes in risky sexual behavior (ß = -0.17, p = .039). CONCLUSION: Intervention "Connect" was independently associated with improved self-reported resilience to risky sexual behaviors, though not with a reduction in those behaviors in multivariate analyses. This is the first Internet-based intervention designed to reduce HIV/AIDS sexual risk among Mexican adolescents.